Math for Kids
Maths is the language of patterns, numbers and shapes. These lessons turn big ideas into simple steps, with everyday examples such as sharing pizza, counting money and measuring a bedroom, plus a quiz to check what you have learned.
All 124 Math topics
Fractions
A fraction shows parts of a whole.
Multiplication
Multiplication is repeated addition.
Decimals
Decimals use a point to show parts smaller than one.
Geometry Shapes
Shapes have sides and corners.
Perimeter and Area
Perimeter is the distance around a shape.
Percentages
Percent means "out of 100".
Prime Numbers
A prime number can only be divided evenly by 1 and itself.
Negative Numbers
Negative numbers are less than zero.
Time and Clocks
There are 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour and 24 hours in a day.
Money Math
Adding and subtracting money helps us shop wisely.
Addition and Subtraction
Addition combines numbers and subtraction takes away.
Division
Division means sharing equally or splitting into groups.
Place Value
The position of a digit tells its value.
Rounding
Rounding changes a number to a simpler one that is close.
Even and Odd Numbers
Even numbers can be divided by 2 with nothing left over and end in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
Factors and Multiples
Factors divide evenly into a number: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 are factors of 12.
Square Numbers
A square number is a number multiplied by itself.
Ratios
A ratio compares two amounts.
Averages
The mean average is found by adding values and dividing by how many there are.
Graphs and Charts
Graphs turn data into pictures.
Probability
Probability tells how likely something is to happen, from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain).
Angles
Angles measure turns and are measured in degrees.
Symmetry
A shape is symmetrical if one half is a mirror image of the other.
Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Parallel lines never meet and stay the same distance apart, like train tracks.
Circles
A circle has a centre, a radius from the centre to the edge, and a diameter across the middle.
Volume
Volume is the amount of space inside a 3D shape.
3D Shapes
3D shapes have faces, edges and vertices (corners).
Roman Numerals
Romans used letters for numbers: I=1, V=5, X=10, L=50, C=100, D=500, M=1000.
Patterns and Sequences
A sequence follows a rule.
Order of Operations
Do brackets first, then multiplication and division, then addition and subtraction.
Coordinates
Coordinates give the position of a point on a grid as (x, y).
Measuring Length
Length is measured in millimetres, centimetres, metres and kilometres.
Weight and Mass
Mass is measured in grams and kilograms.
Estimating
Estimating means making a smart guess close to the real answer.
Algebra Basics
In algebra, letters stand for unknown numbers.
Equivalent Fractions
Equivalent fractions have the same value even though they look different, like one half and two quarters.
Adding and Subtracting Fractions
To add or subtract fractions with the same bottom number, add or subtract the top numbers and keep the bottom the same.
Mixed Numbers
A mixed number is a whole number with a fraction, such as 2 and 1/3.
Improper Fractions
An improper fraction has a top number bigger than or equal to its bottom number, like 7/4.
Converting Fractions and Decimals
You can change a fraction into a decimal by dividing the top number by the bottom.
Long Multiplication
Long multiplication breaks a big multiplication into steps.
Long Division
Long division splits a large number into equal groups.
Times Tables Tricks
Some times tables have patterns that make them easier to remember.
Divisibility Rules
A divisibility rule tells you quickly whether a number can be divided by another without a remainder.
Powers and Exponents
An exponent tells you how many times to multiply a number by itself.
Square Roots
The square root of a number is the value that, multiplied by itself, gives that number.
Cube Numbers
A cube number is made by multiplying a number by itself three times.
Triangles
A triangle has three sides and three angles that always add up to 180 degrees.
Quadrilaterals
A quadrilateral is any shape with four sides.
Polygons
A polygon is a closed shape with straight sides.
Mean, Median and Mode
The mean is the average.
Bar Graphs
A bar graph uses bars to compare amounts across categories.
Pie Charts
A pie chart shows parts of a whole as slices of a circle.
Tally Charts
A tally chart counts things using marks in groups of five.
The Pythagorean Theorem
In a right-angled triangle, the square of the longest side equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
Area of a Triangle
The area of a triangle is half of its base multiplied by its height.
Capacity and Litres
Capacity is how much a container can hold.
Unit Conversion
Converting units means changing a measurement into another unit of the same type.
Fraction of an Amount
To find a fraction of a number, divide the number by the bottom number, then multiply by the top number.
Number Bonds
Number bonds show pairs of numbers that add up to a total.
Fibonacci Numbers
The Fibonacci sequence starts with 0 and 1, and each new number is the sum of the two before it.
Pi
Pi is the number you get when you divide the circumference of any circle by its diameter.
Reflection in Maths
A reflection flips a shape over a line called the mirror line, so that each point is the same distance from the line on the opposite side.
Rotation
A rotation turns a shape around a fixed point called the centre of rotation.
Mental Maths Strategies
Mental maths means calculating in your head.
Number Lines
A number line shows numbers in order along a straight line.
Pictographs
A pictograph uses small pictures to show data.
Doubling and Halving
Doubling means multiplying by 2, and halving means dividing by 2.
Multiplying by 10, 100 and 1000
When you multiply a whole number by 10, every digit moves one place to the left and a zero is added.
Dividing with Remainders
Sometimes numbers do not share exactly.
Measuring Angles with a Protractor
A protractor is a half-circle tool with degree marks from 0 to 180.
Tessellations
A tessellation is a pattern of shapes that fit together with no gaps or overlaps.
Bar Models
A bar model is a drawing made of rectangles that shows how numbers relate to each other.
Balancing Equations
An equation is a balanced statement, like a set of scales.
Digital and Analogue Clocks
An analogue clock has hands that point to the time, while a digital clock shows the time as numbers.
Subtracting Across Zero
When you subtract a bigger number from a smaller one, the answer is negative.
Counting in Steps
Counting in steps means skipping numbers by a set amount, like 2, 5 or 10.
Fraction Strips
Fraction strips are paper or plastic bars divided into equal parts.
Comparing and Ordering Decimals
When comparing decimals, line up the decimal points and compare each place value from left to right.
Data Tables
A data table organises information into rows and columns so it is easy to read.
Missing Number Puzzles
Missing number puzzles ask you to find the number that makes a sum or pattern correct.
Area Models for Multiplication
An area model splits a rectangle into smaller parts to multiply numbers.
Right Angles
A right angle is a perfect corner that measures exactly 90 degrees.
Multiplying Fractions
To multiply fractions, multiply the top numbers together and then multiply the bottom numbers together.
Ordering Fractions
To order fractions, compare them using a common denominator or by changing them to decimals.
Column Addition
Column addition lines up numbers by place value so you can add them one column at a time.
Measuring Time Intervals
A time interval is the amount of time between two moments.
Stem and Leaf Plots
A stem and leaf plot shows data by splitting each number into a stem, the first digit, and a leaf, the last digit.
Triangular Numbers
Triangular numbers are numbers that can be arranged in a triangle of dots.
Millions and Billions
A million is a thousand thousands, written as 1,000,000.
Factor Trees
A factor tree breaks a number into smaller factors until every branch ends in a prime number.
Measuring with Rulers
A ruler measures length by lining up one end of an object with the zero mark.
Perimeter of Irregular Shapes
An irregular shape has sides of different lengths.
Fractions on a Number Line
To show a fraction on a number line, divide the space between two whole numbers into equal parts.
Probability Trees
A probability tree shows all the possible outcomes of events with branches.
Doubling Patterns
A doubling pattern starts with a number and doubles it each time, such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16.
Multiples of Nine
There is a neat trick for multiples of nine: the digits of each answer add up to nine.
Number Patterns in Tables
A times table has patterns you can spot, such as the even numbers in the 2 times table or the last digits repeating in the 5 times table.
Money Change Puzzles
Making change means giving back the right amount after paying.
Angles on a Straight Line
Angles on a straight line add up to 180 degrees.
Area of a Parallelogram
A parallelogram is a four-sided shape with two pairs of parallel sides.
Pattern Blocks
Pattern blocks are shapes like triangles, squares, hexagons and rhombuses.
Fraction of a Set
To find a fraction of a set, divide the set into equal groups using the denominator, then take the number of groups in the numerator.
Subtraction Strategies
There are many ways to subtract, such as counting up, using number bonds or partitioning into tens and ones.
Multiplying Decimals
To multiply decimals, multiply as if the decimal points were not there, then count the total number of decimal places in the numbers and…
Ordering Negative Numbers
Negative numbers are less than zero, and the further a negative number is from zero, the smaller it is.
Dividing Decimals
To divide decimals, make the divisor a whole number by moving the decimal point, and then move the decimal point in the dividend the same…
Mental Division
Mental division means dividing numbers in your head using known facts and patterns.
Double-Digit Multiplication
To multiply a two-digit number by another two-digit number, you can split the numbers into tens and ones and then add up the parts.
Repeating Decimals
A repeating decimal has a digit or group of digits that repeats forever.
Fraction Word Problems
Fraction word problems describe real situations involving parts of a whole.
Ratio Tables
A ratio table shows equivalent ratios in columns, making it easy to scale up or down.
Surface Area of Cubes
The surface area of a cube is the total area of all six of its faces.
Right Triangles
A right triangle has one angle that is exactly 90 degrees.
Circle Circumference
The circumference is the distance around a circle.
Scale Drawings
A scale drawing shows an object or place at a smaller or larger size, using a scale such as 1 cm = 1 m.
Cubic Units
A cubic unit is the volume of a cube with sides of one unit.
Number Sense Strategies
Number sense strategies include using known facts, rounding and breaking numbers into friendly parts.
Bar Charts with a Scale
A bar chart with a scale shows numbers using bars of different lengths, with the scale marked in equal steps.
Expanded Notation
Expanded notation writes a number as the sum of the values of each digit.
Divisibility by Three
A number is divisible by three if the sum of its digits is divisible by three.
Percentage of an Amount
A percentage is a fraction out of 100.
Reading Scales
A scale on a measuring tool has marks that show values, often with smaller lines between the main numbers.
Equal Sharing Puzzles
Equal sharing puzzles ask you to divide something fairly between a group of people.
Frequently asked questions about Math
How can my child get better at maths?
Practise a little every day, use real objects such as coins or LEGO bricks, and talk through how you solved each problem. Small wins build confidence.
Why is maths important?
Maths helps with shopping, telling the time, cooking, sport, games and building things. It also trains logical thinking that is useful in every subject.
What maths should a 10-year-old know?
Most 10-year-olds are learning multiplication and division facts, fractions and decimals, measuring, shapes and the basics of area, perimeter and time.