Science for Kids
Science helps us understand how the world works, from the tiny atoms in everything to the huge planets in space. These lessons explain each idea with simple words, real-life examples, a fun fact and a quiz.
All 124 Science topics
Gravity
Gravity is the invisible force that pulls objects toward each other.
Photosynthesis
Plants make their own food using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide.
The Water Cycle
Water evaporates, rises, condenses into clouds, then falls as rain or snow.
States of Matter
Matter is mostly solid, liquid or gas.
The Solar System
Eight planets orbit the Sun.
The Heart
Your heart is a muscle that pumps blood around your body.
Electricity
Electricity is the flow of tiny charged particles through a circuit.
Magnets
Magnets attract iron, nickel and cobalt.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes erupt when hot melted rock called magma rises up through cracks in Earth's crust.
Weather
Weather is what the atmosphere is doing right now: sunny, rainy, windy or snowy.
Sound
Sound is made by vibrations that travel through air as waves.
Light and Shadows
Light travels in straight lines.
Rainbows
Sunlight is made of many colours.
Simple Machines
Simple machines like levers, wheels, ramps and pulleys make work easier by changing the size or direction of a force.
Levers and Pulleys
A lever turns around a fixed point called a fulcrum.
Friction
Friction is the force that slows things down when surfaces rub together.
Forms of Energy
Energy comes in many forms: heat, light, sound, movement and electrical.
Atoms
Everything is made of tiny particles called atoms.
Elements and the Periodic Table
An element is a pure substance made of one kind of atom, like gold, oxygen or carbon.
Acids and Bases
Acids taste sour, like lemon juice, and bases feel slippery, like soap.
Mixtures and Solutions
In a mixture, substances are combined but can be separated.
Chemical Reactions
In a chemical reaction, substances change into new ones.
The Skeleton
An adult human has 206 bones.
Muscles
Muscles pull on bones to make you move.
Digestion
Digestion breaks food into tiny pieces your body can use.
Lungs and Breathing
When you breathe in, your lungs take in oxygen.
The Brain
The brain controls everything you think, feel and do.
The Five Senses
We have five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.
Blood
Blood carries oxygen and nutrients around your body.
Cells
Cells are the tiny building blocks of all living things.
DNA and Genes
DNA is a code inside your cells that holds instructions for how your body grows.
Evolution
Over many generations, living things change slowly.
Fossils
Fossils are the remains or traces of ancient living things preserved in rock.
Rocks and Minerals
There are three types of rock: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
Earthquakes
Earth's crust is split into huge plates.
Newton's Laws of Motion
Sir Isaac Newton described three rules for how things move.
Inertia
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion.
Speed and Velocity
Speed tells you how fast something moves.
Density
Density compares how much mass is packed into a space.
Buoyancy
Buoyancy is the upward push that a liquid or gas gives to an object placed in it.
Air Pressure
Air pressure is the force of air molecules pushing on everything.
Heat and Temperature
Temperature measures how hot or cold something is.
Conduction, Convection and Radiation
Heat moves in three ways.
Conductors and Insulators
Materials that let heat or electricity pass through easily are conductors.
Static Electricity
Static electricity builds up when electrons move from one object to another, often by rubbing.
Electric Circuits
An electric circuit is a loop that lets electricity flow from a battery, through wires and components, and back again.
Chemical Energy
Chemical energy is stored inside substances such as food, fuel and batteries.
Waves
Waves carry energy from one place to another without carrying matter with them.
Reflection of Light
Reflection happens when light bounces off a surface.
Refraction of Light
Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one material into another, such as from air into water.
Lenses
A lens is a piece of clear glass or plastic that bends light to make things look bigger or smaller.
Plant Parts
Most plants have roots that hold them in soil and take in water, a stem that supports the leaves, leaves that make food, and flowers that…
Seeds and Germination
A seed contains a tiny plant and stored food.
Bacteria
Bacteria are tiny living things made of just one cell.
Viruses
A virus is a tiny particle that needs a living cell to make copies of itself.
The Carbon Cycle
Carbon moves between air, plants, animals, oceans and rocks in a continuous cycle.
Melting and Freezing
Melting happens when a solid turns into a liquid after it is heated.
Evaporation and Boiling
Evaporation is when a liquid slowly turns into a gas at any temperature.
Erosion and Weathering
Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces.
The Immune System
Your immune system is a team of cells and organs that protects your body from germs.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical messengers made by glands that travel in the blood.
How Your Eyes Work
Light enters the eye through the cornea and the lens, then lands on the retina at the back.
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are long threads of DNA packed tightly inside the nucleus of a cell.
Microorganisms
Microorganisms are living things too small to see without a microscope.
Ultraviolet Light
Ultraviolet light is a type of light our eyes cannot see.
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is light made by living things.
Thermal Expansion
When things get hotter, their particles move faster and spread out, so most materials get slightly bigger.
Crystals
Crystals are solids whose particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.
Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water through a thin membrane from a place with less dissolved stuff to a place with more.
Catalysts
A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.
Electromagnets
An electromagnet is a coil of wire wrapped around iron that becomes magnetic when electricity flows through the wire.
Reflexes
A reflex is a quick action your body makes without thinking, such as blinking or pulling your hand away from something hot.
Heart Rate and Exercise
Your heart rate is how many times your heart beats each minute.
Genes and Traits
Genes are instructions inside your cells that decide features like eye colour and hair type.
Properties of Metals
Metals are shiny, usually hard and good at conducting heat and electricity.
Pressure and Gases
Gases spread out to fill any container they are in and push against its walls.
Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living things.
Cellular Respiration
Cells use respiration to release energy from food.
Dissolving
When a solid dissolves, its particles spread out evenly through a liquid.
Kinetic and Potential Energy
Kinetic energy is the energy of movement, and potential energy is stored energy because of position or shape.
Conservation of Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
Electric Motors
An electric motor turns electrical energy into movement.
Sound Frequency
Frequency is how many vibrations happen each second, and it decides how high or low a sound is.
Solar Cells
Solar cells turn sunlight directly into electricity.
Chemical Changes at Home
Many changes in the kitchen are chemical changes, such as baking a cake or toasting bread.
Magnetic Poles of Earth
Earth has a magnetic field with a north and a south magnetic pole.
Lubricants
A lubricant is a substance, like oil or grease, that reduces friction between surfaces that move against each other.
Air Resistance
Air resistance is a force that pushes against objects moving through the air.
Nuclear Fusion
In nuclear fusion, two small atomic nuclei join together to form a larger one and release huge amounts of energy.
Transparent Materials
A transparent material lets light pass through it so you can see clearly through it, like glass or clean water.
Chemical Symbols
Chemical symbols are short codes made of one or two letters that stand for elements.
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the lightest element and the most common element in the universe.
Carbon
Carbon is an element found in all living things.
The Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen is a gas that makes up most of the air around us.
The Speed of Light
Light travels extremely fast, about 300,000 kilometres every second in a vacuum.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with a frequency too high for humans to hear.
Magnetic Levitation
Magnetic levitation uses magnets to lift and move objects without touching them.
Static Shocks
Static electricity builds up when objects rub together and electrons move from one to the other.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area where there are many of them to an area where there are fewer.
Buoyant Force
Buoyant force is an upward push from a liquid or gas that helps objects float.
Thermal Insulation
Insulation slows down the movement of heat.
Gravity on Other Planets
The strength of gravity depends on the mass and size of a planet.
Sound Absorption
Soft materials like curtains, carpets and foam absorb sound by soaking up sound waves.
Electrolytes in Drinks
Electrolytes are minerals like sodium and potassium that carry electrical charges in the body.
Rust
Rust is a reddish-brown coating that forms on iron when it reacts with oxygen and water over time.
Hard and Soft Water
Water becomes hard when it picks up dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium from rocks.
Evaporation Cooling
When a liquid evaporates, the particles with the most energy escape, which leaves the remaining liquid cooler.
Ice Ages
An ice age is a long period when large parts of Earth are covered in thick ice sheets.
Heat Engines
A heat engine turns heat energy into movement.
Sound in Solids
Sound travels fastest through solids, because their particles are packed closely together and pass vibrations quickly.
Salt Water Density
Salt water is denser than fresh water because the dissolved salt adds mass to the same volume.
Gas Exchange in Leaves
Leaves take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen through tiny holes called stomata.
Gears and Gear Ratios
Gears are wheels with teeth that interlock to change the speed or force of movement.
Hydraulics
Hydraulics use liquids under pressure to transmit force.
Pneumatics
Pneumatics use compressed air to move things.
Electrolysis
Electrolysis uses electricity to split a substance into different parts.
Photons
A photon is a tiny packet of light energy.
Antibodies
Antibodies are proteins made by your immune system to recognise and fight germs.
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves are waves of energy that need no material to travel through.
Combustion
Combustion is a chemical reaction in which a fuel reacts with oxygen and releases heat and light.
Melting Points
The melting point is the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.
Density of Gases
Gases have a density too, and some gases are lighter than air.
Water as a Solvent
Water is often called the universal solvent because it can dissolve more substances than any other common liquid.
Plant Hormones
Plant hormones are chemical messengers that control how plants grow, flower and respond to light and gravity.
Frequently asked questions about Science
What is science for kids?
Science is the study of the world around us. Scientists ask questions, make observations, test ideas with experiments and learn from the results.
How can I learn science at home?
Try simple experiments with things you have at home, such as dropping objects to test gravity or mixing water and salt. Always ask an adult before trying anything new.
Are these science lessons suitable for 10-year-olds?
Yes. Each lesson uses everyday language and examples, and the quizzes check the main idea of the topic.